Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product.
Application
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the
cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety
stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4
(TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which
recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Packaging
10, 25, 100 mg in poly bottle
Preparation Note
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium
(1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated,
though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous
saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC.
Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent.
Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline.
Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid
suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy
solution.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of
the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell
surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and
protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic
antibiotics.
General description
This product is phenol extracted from E. coli serotype O111:B4.
The source strain is from a private collection. This LPS serotype has
been used to stimulate B-cells and induce NOS in human hepatocytes.
Safety Information
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
RIDADR
NONH for all modes of transport